The temporomandibular joints, called TMJ, are the joints and jaw muscles that make it possible to open and close your mouth.
Located on each side of the head, your TMJ works together when you chew, speak, or swallow and includes muscles and ligaments along with the jaw bone. They also control the lower jaw (mandible) as it moves forward, backward, and side to side.
Each TMJ has a disc between the ball and the socket. The disc cushions the load while enabling the jaw to open widely and rotate or glide. Any problem that prevents this complex system of muscles, ligaments, discs, and bones from working properly may result in a painful TMJ disorder.
Possible causes of TMJ disorders include:
- arthritis
- dislocation
- injury
- tooth and jaw alignment
- stress and teeth-grinding
Diagnosis is an important step before treatment. Part of the dental examination includes checking the joints and muscles for tenderness, clicking, popping or difficulty moving. Depending on the diagnosis, the dentist may refer you to a physician or another dentist.